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<title>Minjiang dialect</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Minjiang dialect</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: salmon;">Minjiang</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: salmon;">Nanlu</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: salmon;">岷江话</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="mis-Latn-fonipa">[min˨˩tɕiaŋ˥xa˨˨˦]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, <a href="Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, <a href="Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a> and <a href="Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a>

<a href="Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="Ba%E2%80%93Shu_Chinese" title="Ba–Shu Chinese">Ba–Shu</a> <small>(Disputed)</small> <br> <a href="Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> <small>(Disputed)</small><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="Southwestern_Mandarin" title="Southwestern Mandarin">Southwestern</a>?<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="Sichuanese_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichuanese Mandarin">Sichuanese</a>?<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Minjiang</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early forms</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="Proto-Sino-Tibetan_language" title="Proto-Sino-Tibetan language">Proto-Sino-Tibetan</a>

<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="Old_Chinese" title="Old Chinese">Old Chinese</a>

<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="Ba%E2%80%93Shu_Chinese" title="Ba–Shu Chinese">Ba–Shu Chinese</a> <small>(Disputed)</small> <br> <a href="Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a> <small>(Disputed)</small>

<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="Old_Mandarin" title="Old Mandarin">Old Mandarin</a> <small>(Disputed)</small>

</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="Leshan_dialect" title="Leshan dialect">Leshan</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: salmon;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">–</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Linguist_List" title="Linguist List">Linguist List</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200101010101/http://multitree.org/codes/cmn-xgm">cmn-xgm</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;">Minjiang is the central <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">

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</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="forced-color-adjust: none; background-color:#789c16; color:black;"> </span> light khaki-green</span> area around the cities and counties of <a href="Dujiangyan_City" title="Dujiangyan City">Dujiangyan</a>, <a href="Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a>, <a href="Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a>, <a href="Qijiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Qijiang">Qijiang</a>, <a href="Xichong_County" title="Xichong County">Xichong</a> (<span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">N</span></span>), <a href="Xichang" title="Xichang">Xichang</a> (<span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SW</span></span>), and an area to the east.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">

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<p>The <b>Minjiang dialect</b> (<a href="Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B2%B7" class="extiw external" title="wikt:岷">岷</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F" class="extiw external" title="wikt:江">江</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%AF%9D" class="extiw external" title="wikt:话">话</a></span>; <a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B2%B7" class="extiw external" title="wikt:岷">岷</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F" class="extiw external" title="wikt:江">江</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B1" class="extiw external" title="wikt:話">話</a></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">

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</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">locally</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="mis-Latn-fonipa">[min˨˩tɕiaŋ˥xa˨˨˦]</span>; <a href="Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Mínjiānghuà</span></i>) is a possible <a href="Sichuanese_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichuanese Mandarin">Sichuanese</a> dialect spoken mainly in the <a href="Min_River_(Sichuan)" title="Min River (Sichuan)">Min River</a> (<i>Mínjiāng</i>) valley or along the <a href="Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> in the southern and western parts of the <a href="Sichuan_Basin" title="Sichuan Basin">Sichuan Basin</a> in <a href="China" title="China">China</a>. There is also a <a href="Language_island" title="Language island">language island</a> of the Minjiang dialect located in the center of the Sichuan Basin covering several counties, including all of <a href="Xichong_County" title="Xichong County">Xichong</a>, <a href="Yanting_County" title="Yanting County">Yanting</a>, and <a href="Shehong_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Shehong County">Shehong Counties</a>, and part of <a href="Jiange_County" title="Jiange County">Jiange</a>, <a href="Cangxi_County" title="Cangxi County">Cangxi</a>, <a href="Nanbu_County" title="Nanbu County">Nanbu</a>, <a href="Langzhong" title="Langzhong">Langzhong</a> and <a href="Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a>. The Minjiang dialect is also referred to as the <b>Nanlu dialect</b> by some scholars.

</p><p>The primary characteristic of the Minjiang dialect is that the <a href="Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">stop consonants</a> for checked-tone syllables in <a href="Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a> have developed into <a href="Tenseness" title="Tenseness">tense vowels</a> to create a phonemic contrast, and in several cities and counties the tense vowels retain a following <a href="Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a>. It also keeps many characteristics of <a href="Ba%E2%80%93Shu_Chinese" title="Ba–Shu Chinese">Ba–Shu Chinese</a> phonology and vocabulary.<sup id="cite_ref-《西南历史文化地理》_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-《西南历史文化地理》-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-《试论宋代巴蜀方言与现代四川方言的关系》_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-《试论宋代巴蜀方言与现代四川方言的关系》-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to these characteristics, the status of the Minjiang dialect is disputed among linguists, with some classifying it as <a href="Southwestern_Mandarin" title="Southwestern Mandarin">Southwestern Mandarin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-《西南官话的分区（稿）》_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-《西南官话的分区（稿）》-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others setting it apart as a continuation of Ba–Shu Chinese, the native language of Sichuan before the end of the Yuan dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-《四川官话入声现象的历史文化透视》_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-《四川官话入声现象的历史文化透视》-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFLan1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lan, Yong 蓝勇 (1997). <bdi lang="zh">第十三章：历史时期西南综合文化区的划分</bdi> [Dì-shísān zhāng: Lìshǐ shíqí xīnán zònghé wénhuà qū de huàfēn]. <i>Xīnán lìshǐ wénhuà dìlǐ</i> <bdi lang="zh">西南历史文化地理</bdi> (in Chinese). Chongqing: Xinan Shifan Daxue chubanshe. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>7-5621-1603-2</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-《试论宋代巴蜀方言与现代四川方言的关系》-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-《试论宋代巴蜀方言与现代四川方言的关系》_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLiu2009" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Liu, Xiaonan 刘晓南 (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journal15.magtechjournal.com/Jwk_yykx/CN/abstract/abstract287.shtml">"Shì lùn Sòngdài Bāshǔ fāngyán yǔ xiàndài Sìchuān fāngyán de guānxì—Jiān tán wénxiàn kǎozhèng de yīgè zhòngyào gōngyòng: Zhuīxún shīluò de fāngyán" <bdi lang="zh">试论宋代巴蜀方言与现代四川方言的关系——兼谈文献考证的一个重要功用：追寻失落的方言</bdi></a> [On the Relation Between the Bashu Dialect in Song Dynasty and the Modern Sichuan Dialect]. <i>Yǔyán kēxué</i> <bdi lang="zh">语言科学</bdi> (in Chinese). <b>8</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">586–</span>596.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-《西南官话的分区（稿）》-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-《西南官话的分区（稿）》_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLi2009" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Li, Lan 李蓝 (2009). "Xīnán Guānhuà de fēnqū (gǎo)" <bdi lang="zh">西南官话的分区（稿）</bdi>. <i>Fāngyán</i> <bdi lang="zh">方言</bdi> (in Chinese). <b>2009</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">72–</span>87.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-《四川官话入声现象的历史文化透视》-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-《四川官话入声现象的历史文化透视》_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFYang1997" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script">Yang, Bo 杨波 (1997). "Sìchuān Guānhuà rùshēng xiànxiàng de lìshǐ wénhuà tòushì—Lùn Héjiāng fāngyán de xíngchéng yǔ fāzhǎn" <bdi lang="zh">四川官话入声现象的历史文化透视——论合江方言的形成与发展</bdi>. <i>Xīnán Shīfàn Dàxué xuébào (zhéxué shèhuì kēxué bǎn)</i> <bdi lang="zh">西南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）</bdi>. <b>1997</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">47–</span>52.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

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</style><div id="Sino-Tibetan_branches630" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> branches</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western <a href="Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> (<a href="Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal</a>,<br><a href="Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, <a href="Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="West_Himalayish_languages" title="West Himalayish languages">West Himalayish</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamangic_languages" title="Tamangic languages">Tamangic</a></li>

<li><a href="Newaric_languages" title="Newaric languages">Newaric</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Baram%E2%80%93Thangmi_languages" title="Baram–Thangmi languages">Baram–Thangmi</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kiranti_languages" title="Kiranti languages">Kiranti</a></li>

<li><a href="Dhimalish_languages" title="Dhimalish languages">Dhimalish</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Dhimal_language" title="Dhimal language">Dhimal</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Lhokpu_language" title="Lhokpu language">Lhokpu</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a></i></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Greater_Magaric45" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Greater_Magaric_languages" title="Greater Magaric languages">Greater Magaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Magaric_languages" title="Magaric languages">Magaric</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Chepangic_languages" title="Chepangic languages">Chepangic</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Chepang_language" title="Chepang language">Chepang</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Bhujel_language" title="Bhujel language">Bhujel</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Raji%E2%80%93Raute_languages" title="Raji–Raute languages">Raji–Raute</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Dura_language" title="Dura language">Dura</a></i>–<i><a href="Tandrange_language" title="Tandrange language">Tandrange</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern <a href="Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a><br>(<a href="Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, <a href="Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, <a href="Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bodish_languages" title="Bodish languages">Bodish</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic</a></li>

<li><a href="East_Bodish_languages" title="East Bodish languages">East Bodish</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Tshangla_language" title="Tshangla language">Tshangla</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Basum_language" title="Basum language">Basum</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Gongduk_language" title="Gongduk language">Gongduk</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Chamdo_languages" title="Chamdo languages">Chamdo</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> and Indo-<br>Burmese border</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Mruic_languages" title="Mruic languages">Mruic</a>

<li><i><a href="Anu-Hkongso_language" title="Anu-Hkongso language">Hkongso</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="Taman_language_(Myanmar)" title="Taman language (Myanmar)">Taman</a></i></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Naga_languages" title="Naga languages">Naga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Angami%E2%80%93Pochuri_languages" title="Angami–Pochuri languages">Angami–Pochuri</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Tangkhulic_languages" title="Tangkhulic languages">Tangkhulic</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Konyak_languages" title="Konyak languages">Konyak</a></li>

<li><a href="Jingpho%E2%80%93Luish_languages" title="Jingpho–Luish languages">Jingpho–Luish</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a> and <a href="Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Tujia_language" title="Tujia language">Tujia</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Nungish_languages" title="Nungish languages">Nungish</a></li>

<li><a href="Karenic_languages" title="Karenic languages">Karenic</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Kathu_language" title="Kathu language">Kathu</a></i></li>

<ul><li><i><a href="Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Longjia_language" title="Longjia language">Longjia</a>–<a href="Luren_language" title="Luren language">Luren</a></i></li></ul></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Burmo-Qiangic41" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Burmo-Qiangic_languages" title="Burmo-Qiangic languages">Burmo-Qiangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gyalrongic_languages" title="Gyalrongic languages">Gyalrongic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ersuic_languages" title="Ersuic languages">Ersuic</a></li>

<li><a href="Lolo-Burmese_languages" title="Lolo-Burmese languages">Lolo-Burmese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mondzish_languages" title="Mondzish languages">Mondzish</a></li>

<li><a href="Burmish_languages" title="Burmish languages">Burmish</a></li>

<li><a href="Loloish_languages" title="Loloish languages">Loloish</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Language_isolates_and_independent_language_families_in_Arunachal" class="mw-redirect" title="Language isolates and independent language families in Arunachal">Dubious</a> (possible<br><a href="Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">isolates</a>, <a href="Language_isolates_and_independent_language_families_in_Arunachal" class="mw-redirect" title="Language isolates and independent language families in Arunachal">Arunachal</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hrusish_languages" title="Hrusish languages">Hrusish</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Hruso_language" title="Hruso language">Hruso</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Mijiic_languages" title="Mijiic languages">Mijiic</a></i></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><i><a href="Puroik_language" title="Puroik language">Puroik</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Miju_languages" title="Miju languages">Miju–Meyor</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Songlin_language" title="Songlin language">Songlin</a></i></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Greater_Siangic45" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Greater_Siangic_languages" title="Greater Siangic languages">Greater Siangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Siangic_languages" title="Siangic languages">Siangic</a>

<li><i><a href="Milang_language" title="Milang language">Milang</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Digaro_languages" title="Digaro languages">Idu–Taraon</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Central_Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Central Tibeto-Burman languages">Central Tibeto-Burman</a></li>

<li><a href="Macro-Bai_languages" title="Macro-Bai languages">Macro-Bai</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahakiranti_languages" title="Mahakiranti languages">Mahakiranti</a></li>

<li><a href="Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a></li>

<li><a href="Tibeto-Kanauri_languages" title="Tibeto-Kanauri languages">Tibeto-Kanauri</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Proto-language" title="Proto-language">Proto-languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Proto-Sino-Tibetan_language" title="Proto-Sino-Tibetan language">Proto-Sino-Tibetan</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Proto-Tibeto-Burman_language" title="Proto-Tibeto-Burman language">Proto-Tibeto-Burman</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Proto-Loloish_language" title="Proto-Loloish language">Proto-Loloish</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Proto-Karenic_language" title="Proto-Karenic language">Proto-Karenic</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Proto-Min" title="Proto-Min">Proto-Min</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Proto-Hakka" title="Proto-Hakka">Proto-Hakka</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sichuanese131" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Sichuanese131" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Sichuanese_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichuanese (language)">Sichuanese</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chengdu-Chongqing_dialect" title="Chengdu-Chongqing dialect">Chengdu-Chongqing</a></li>

<li>

<ul><li><a href="Leshan_dialect" title="Leshan dialect">Leshan</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Zigong_dialect" title="Zigong dialect">Zigong</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ba%E2%80%93Shu_Chinese" title="Ba–Shu Chinese">Ba–Shu Chinese</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sichuanese_characters" title="Sichuanese characters">Sichuanese characters</a></li>

<li><a href="Sichuanese_Pinyin" title="Sichuanese Pinyin">Sichuanese Pinyin</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Related languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sichuanese_Standard_Chinese" title="Sichuanese Standard Chinese">Sichuanese Standard Chinese</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Sichuanese_people" title="Sichuanese people">Sichuanese people</a></li>

<li><a href="Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></li>

<li><a href="Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chinese_language163" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0b0;"><div id="Chinese_language163" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese language</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0b0;"><div><b><a href="Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic languages</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0b0;"><div id="Major_linguistic_groups163" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Major linguistic groups</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Northeastern_Mandarin" title="Northeastern Mandarin">Northeastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Changchun_dialect" title="Changchun dialect">Changchun</a></li>

<li><a href="Harbin_dialect" title="Harbin dialect">Harbin</a></li>

<li><a href="Shenyang_Mandarin" title="Shenyang Mandarin">Shenyang</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Beijing_Mandarin_(division_of_Mandarin)" title="Beijing Mandarin (division of Mandarin)">Beijing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Beijing_dialect" title="Beijing dialect">Beijing</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Taiwan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Jilu_Mandarin" title="Jilu Mandarin">Jilu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tianjin_dialect" title="Tianjin dialect">Tianjin</a></li>

<li><a href="Jinan_dialect" title="Jinan dialect">Jinan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Jiaoliao_Mandarin" title="Jiaoliao Mandarin">Jiaoliao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dalian_dialect" title="Dalian dialect">Dalian</a></li>

<li><a href="Qingdao_dialect" title="Qingdao dialect">Qingdao</a></li>

<li><a href="Weihai_dialect" title="Weihai dialect">Weihai</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Central_Plains_Mandarin" title="Central Plains Mandarin">Central Plains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dongping_dialect" title="Dongping dialect">Dongping</a></li>

<li><a href="Gangou_language" title="Gangou language">Gangou</a></li>

<li><a href="Guanzhong_dialect" title="Guanzhong dialect">Guanzhong</a>

<li><a href="Luoyang_dialect" title="Luoyang dialect">Luoyang</a></li>

<li><a href="Xuzhou_dialect" title="Xuzhou dialect">Xuzhou</a></li>

<li><a href="Dungan_language" title="Dungan language">Dungan</a></li>

<li><a href="Xinjiang_Mandarin" title="Xinjiang Mandarin">Xinjiang</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Southwestern_Mandarin" title="Southwestern Mandarin">Southwestern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sichuanese_dialects" title="Sichuanese dialects">Sichuanese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chengdu-Chongqing_dialect" title="Chengdu-Chongqing dialect">Chengdu–Chongqing</a></li>

<li>(?)

<ul><li><a href="Leshan_dialect" title="Leshan dialect">Leshan</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Renshou–Fushun

<ul><li><a href="Zigong_dialect" title="Zigong dialect">Zigong</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kunming_dialect" title="Kunming dialect">Kunming</a></li>

<li><a href="Nanping_dialect" title="Nanping dialect">Nanping</a></li>

<li><a href="Wuhan_dialect" title="Wuhan dialect">Wuhan</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Wuming_Mandarin" title="Wuming Mandarin">Wuming</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Lower_Yangtze_Mandarin" title="Lower Yangtze Mandarin">Jianghuai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nanjing_dialect" title="Nanjing dialect">Nanjing</a></li>

<li><a href="Nantong_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Nantong dialect">Nantong</a></li>

<li><a href="Nanping_dialect" title="Nanping dialect">Nanping</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Lanyin_Mandarin" title="Lanyin Mandarin">Lanyin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Lanzhou dialect</li>

<li>Ürümqi dialect</li>

<li><a href="Xinjiang_Mandarin" title="Xinjiang Mandarin">Xinjiang</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Junjiahua" title="Junjiahua">Junjiahua</a></li>

<li><a href="Qinjiang_Mandarin" title="Qinjiang Mandarin">Qinjiang</a></li>

<li><a href="Gyami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyami language">Gyami</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="Jin_Chinese" title="Jin Chinese">Jin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Zhangjiakou%E2%80%93Hohhot_dialect" title="Zhangjiakou–Hohhot dialect">Zhangjiakou–Hohhot</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Taihu_Wu" title="Taihu Wu">Taihu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">Shanghai</a></li>

<li><a href="Suzhou_dialect" title="Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a></li>

<li><a href="Changzhou_dialect" title="Changzhou dialect">Changzhou</a></li>

<li>(?) <a href="Hangzhou_dialect" title="Hangzhou dialect">Hangzhou</a></li>

<li><a href="Shaoxing_dialect" title="Shaoxing dialect">Shaoxing</a></li>

<li><a href="Ningbo_dialect" title="Ningbo dialect">Ningbo</a></li>

<li><a href="Jinxiang_dialect" title="Jinxiang dialect">Jinxiang</a></li>

<li><a href="Jiangyin_dialect" title="Jiangyin dialect">Jiangyin</a></li>

<li><a href="Shadi_dialect" title="Shadi dialect">Shadi</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Taizhou_Wu" title="Taizhou Wu">Taizhou Wu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Taizhou_dialect" title="Taizhou dialect">Taizhou</a></li>

<li><a href="Tiantai_dialect" title="Tiantai dialect">Tiantai</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Oujiang</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Wenzhounese" title="Wenzhounese">Wenzhou</a></li>

<li><a href="Wencheng_dialect" title="Wencheng dialect">Wencheng</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Wuzhou_Wu" title="Wuzhou Wu">Wuzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Jinhua_dialect" title="Jinhua dialect">Jinhua</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Chu%E2%80%93Qu_Wu" title="Chu–Qu Wu">Chu–Qu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Quzhou_dialect" title="Quzhou dialect">Quzhou</a></li>

<li><a href="Jiangshan_dialect" title="Jiangshan dialect">Jiangshan</a></li>

<li><a href="Qingtian_dialect" title="Qingtian dialect">Qingtian</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Xuanzhou_Wu_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuanzhou Wu dialects">Xuanzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Xuancheng_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuancheng dialect">Xuancheng</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="Huizhou_Chinese" title="Huizhou Chinese">Huizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>Yanzhou</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="Gan_Chinese" title="Gan Chinese">Gan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chang%E2%80%93Du_Gan" title="Chang–Du Gan">Chang–Du</a>

<ul><li><a href="Nanchang_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanchang dialect">Nanchang</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="New_Xiang" title="New Xiang">Changyi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Changsha_dialect" title="Changsha dialect">Changsha</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Old_Xiang" title="Old Xiang">Loushao</a>

<ul><li><a href="Shuangfeng_dialect" title="Shuangfeng dialect">Shuangfeng</a></li>

<li><a href="Xiangxiang_dialect" title="Xiangxiang dialect">Xiangxiang</a></li>

<li><a href="Wugang_dialect" title="Wugang dialect">Wugang</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Qiyang_dialect" title="Qiyang dialect">Qiyang</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="Min_Chinese" title="Min Chinese">Min</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Houguan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</a></li>

<li><a href="Fuqing_dialect" title="Fuqing dialect">Fuqing</a></li>

<li><a href="Changle_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Changle dialect">Changle</a></li>

<li><a href="Gutian_dialect" title="Gutian dialect">Gutian</a></li>

<li><a href="Matsu_dialect" title="Matsu dialect">Matsu</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Fu–Ning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ningde_dialect" title="Ningde dialect">Ningde</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Manjiang_dialect" title="Manjiang dialect">Manjiang</a></li>

<li><a href="Zhongshan_Min" title="Zhongshan Min">Zhongshan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Longdu_dialect" title="Longdu dialect">Longdu</a></li>

<li><a href="Nanlang_dialect" title="Nanlang dialect">Nanlang</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Pu%E2%80%93Xian_Min" title="Pu–Xian Min">Pu–Xian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Putian_dialect" title="Putian dialect">Putian</a></li>

<li><a href="Xianyou_dialect" title="Xianyou dialect">Xianyou</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Quanzhou_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Quanzhou dialect">Quanzhou</a></li>

<li><a href="Zhangzhou_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangzhou dialect">Zhangzhou</a></li>

<li><a href="Chawan_dialect" title="Chawan dialect">Chawan</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwan</a></li>

<li><a href="Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Philippines</a></li>

<li><a href="Penang_Hokkien" title="Penang Hokkien">Penang</a></li>

<li><a href="Medan_Hokkien" title="Medan Hokkien">Medan</a></li>

<li><a href="Singaporean_Hokkien" title="Singaporean Hokkien">Singapore</a></li>

<li><a href="Southern_Peninsular_Malaysian_Hokkien" title="Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien">Southern Malaysia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Teochew_Min" title="Teochew Min">Teochew</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Swatow_dialect" title="Swatow dialect">Swatow</a></li>

<li><a href="Haklau_Min" title="Haklau Min">Haklau</a></li>

<li><a href="Pontianak_Teochew" title="Pontianak Teochew">Pontianak</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Zhongshan_Min" title="Zhongshan Min">Zhongshan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sanxiang_dialect" title="Sanxiang dialect">Sanxiang</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Zhenan_Min" title="Zhenan Min">Zhenan</a></li>

<li><a href="Longyan_Min" class="mw-redirect" title="Longyan Min">Longyan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Leizhou_Min" title="Leizhou Min">Leizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Zhanjiang_dialect" title="Zhanjiang dialect">Zhanjiang</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Wenchang_dialect" title="Wenchang dialect">Wenchang</a></li>

<li><a href="Haikou_dialect" title="Haikou dialect">Haikou</a></li>

<li>Banqiao</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Inland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Northern_Min" title="Northern Min">Northern</a>

<li><a href="Jianyang_dialect" title="Jianyang dialect">Jianyang</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Central_Min" title="Central Min">Central</a></li>

<li><a href="Shao%E2%80%93Jiang_Min" title="Shao–Jiang Min">Shao–Jiang</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Huiyang

<ul><li><a href="Changting_dialect" title="Changting dialect">Changting</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Meixian_dialect" title="Meixian dialect">Meixian</a></li>

<li><a href="Pontianak_Hakka" title="Pontianak Hakka">Pontianak</a></li>

<li><a href="Singkawang_Hakka" title="Singkawang Hakka">Singkawang</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwanese_Hakka" title="Taiwanese Hakka">Taiwan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sixian_dialect" title="Sixian dialect">Sixian</a></li>

<li><a href="Hailu_dialect" title="Hailu dialect">Hailu</a></li>

<li><a href="Raoping_Hakka" title="Raoping Hakka">Raoping</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tingzhou_dialect" title="Tingzhou dialect">Tingzhou</a></li>

<li><a href="Wuhua_dialect" title="Wuhua dialect">Wuhua</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Yuehai_Yue" title="Yuehai Yue">Yuehai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Guangzhou</a>

<li><a href="Malaysian_Cantonese" title="Malaysian Cantonese">Malaysia</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Xiguan_dialect" title="Xiguan dialect">Xiguan</a></li>

<li><a href="Jiujiang_dialect" title="Jiujiang dialect">Jiujiang</a></li>

<li><a href="Shiqi_dialect" title="Shiqi dialect">Shiqi</a></li>

<li><a href="Weitou_dialect" title="Weitou dialect">Weitou</a></li>

<li><a href="Dapeng_dialect" title="Dapeng dialect">Dapeng</a></li>

<li><a href="Yunfu_Cantonese" title="Yunfu Cantonese">Yunfu</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Siyi_Yue" title="Siyi Yue">Siyi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Taishanese" title="Taishanese">Taishan</a></li>

<li>Xinhui</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Goulou_Yue" title="Goulou Yue">Goulou</a></li>

<li><a href="Luo%E2%80%93Guang_Yue" title="Luo–Guang Yue">Luo–Guang</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="Pinghua" title="Pinghua">Pinghua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pinghua#Dialects" title="Pinghua">Northern Pinghua</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tongdao_Pinghua" title="Tongdao Pinghua">Tongdao</a></li>

<li><a href="Younian_dialect" title="Younian dialect">Younian</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pinghua#Dialects" title="Pinghua">Southern Pinghua</a>

<ul><li>Yongjiang</li>

<li>Guandao</li>

<li>Rongjiang</li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%">Unclassified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Shaozhou_Tuhua" title="Shaozhou Tuhua">Shaozhou Tuhua</a></li>

<li><a href="Xiangnan_Tuhua" title="Xiangnan Tuhua">Xiangnan Tuhua</a></li>

<li><a href="Danzhou_dialect" title="Danzhou dialect">Danzhou</a></li>

<li><a href="Badong_Yao_language" title="Badong Yao language">Badong Yao</a></li>

<li><a href="She_Chinese" title="She Chinese">Shehua</a></li>

<li><a href="Waxiang_Chinese" title="Waxiang Chinese">Waxiang</a></li>

<li><a href="Yeheni_language" title="Yeheni language">Yeheni</a></li>

<li><a href="Huizhou_dialect" title="Huizhou dialect">Huizhou</a></li>

<li><a href="Chuanqing_people#Language" title="Chuanqing people">Laobeizi</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">(?) <a href="Macro-Bai_languages" title="Macro-Bai languages">Macro-Bai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></li>

<li><a href="Longjia_language" title="Longjia language">Longjia</a></li>

<li><a href="Luren_language" title="Luren language">Luren</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0b0;"><div id="Standard_forms_of_Chinese163" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Comparison_of_national_standards_of_Chinese" title="Comparison of national standards of Chinese">Standard forms of Chinese</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a><br>(<a href="Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sichuanese_Standard_Chinese" title="Sichuanese Standard Chinese">Sichuanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Taiwanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Philippine_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Mandarin">Philippine</a></li>

<li><a href="Malaysian_Mandarin" title="Malaysian Mandarin">Malaysian</a></li>

<li><a href="Singaporean_Mandarin" title="Singaporean Mandarin">Singaporean</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%">Other varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li>

<li><a href="Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li>

<li><a href="Hakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka">Hakka</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0b0;"><div id="History,_phonology,_and_grammar163" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History, phonology, and grammar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="History_of_the_Chinese_language" title="History of the Chinese language">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Old_Chinese" title="Old Chinese">Old Chinese</a></li>

<li><a href="Eastern_Han_Chinese" title="Eastern Han Chinese">Eastern Han</a></li>

<li><a href="Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Mandarin" title="Old Mandarin">Old Mandarin</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandarin_(late_imperial_lingua_franca)" title="Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)">Middle Mandarin</a></li>

<li><a href="Proto-Min" title="Proto-Min">Proto-Min</a></li>

<li><a href="Proto-Hakka" title="Proto-Hakka">Proto-Hakka</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%">Phonology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Historical_Chinese_phonology" title="Historical Chinese phonology">Historical</a>

<li><a href="Old_National_Pronunciation" title="Old National Pronunciation">Old National</a></li>

<li><a href="Cantonese_phonology" title="Cantonese phonology">Cantonese</a></li>

<li><a href="Hokkien_phonology" title="Hokkien phonology">Hokkien</a></li>

<li><a href="Northern_Wu_phonology" title="Northern Wu phonology">Northern Wu</a></li>

<li><a href="Standard_Chinese_phonology" title="Standard Chinese phonology">Mandarin</a></li>

<li><a href="Literary_and_colloquial_readings_of_Chinese_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters">Literary and colloquial readings</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="Chinese_grammar" title="Chinese grammar">Grammar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_numerals" title="Chinese numerals">Numerals</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_classifier" title="Chinese classifier">Classifiers</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_honorifics" title="Chinese honorifics">Honorifics</a></li>

<li><a href="Cantonese_grammar" title="Cantonese grammar">Cantonese grammar</a></li>

<li><a href="Classical_Chinese_grammar" title="Classical Chinese grammar">Classical grammar</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%">Idioms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Chengyu" title="Chengyu">Chengyu</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Xiehouyu" title="Xiehouyu">Xiehouyu</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0b0;"><div id="Written_Chinese_and_input_methods163" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Written Chinese and input methods</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%">Literary forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Official8" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">Classical</a>

<ul><li><a href="Adoption_of_Chinese_literary_culture" title="Adoption of Chinese literary culture">Adoption</a></li>

<li><a href="Kanbun" title="Kanbun">in Japan</a></li>

<li><a href="Literary_Chinese_in_Vietnam" title="Literary Chinese in Vietnam">in Vietnam</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Written_vernacular_Chinese" title="Written vernacular Chinese">Vernacular</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

<ul><li><a href="Written_Cantonese" title="Written Cantonese">Written Cantonese</a></li>

<li><a href="Dungan_alphabets" title="Dungan alphabets">Written Dungan</a></li>

<li><a href="Written_Hokkien" title="Written Hokkien">Written Hokkien</a></li>

<li><a href="Sichuanese_characters" title="Sichuanese characters">Written Sichuanese</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="Written_Chinese" title="Written Chinese">Scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Logographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Logographic">Logographic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Script_styles39" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Chinese_script_styles" title="Chinese script styles">Script styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze</a></li>

<li><a href="Clerical_script" title="Clerical script">Clerical</a></li>

<li><a href="Semi-cursive_script" title="Semi-cursive script">Semi-cursive</a></li>

<li><a href="Cursive_script_(East_Asia)" title="Cursive script (East Asia)">Cursive</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a>

<ul><li><a href="Simplified_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified characters">Simplified</a></li>

<li><a href="Traditional_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional characters">Traditional</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_punctuation" title="Chinese punctuation">Punctuation</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></li>

<li><a href="Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Phonetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">Romanization</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></li>

<li><a href="Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</a></li>

<li><a href="Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></li>

<li><a href="Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></li>

<li><a href="Lessing-Othmer" title="Lessing-Othmer">Lessing-Othmer</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyrillization_of_Chinese" title="Cyrillization of Chinese">Cyrillization</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dungan_language#Writing_system" title="Dungan language">Dungan Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cantonese_Bopomofo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese Bopomofo">Cantonese Bopomofo</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwanese_Phonetic_Symbols" title="Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols">Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Taiwanese_kana" title="Taiwanese kana">Taiwanese kana</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwanese_Hangul" title="Taiwanese Hangul">Taiwanese Hangul</a></li>

<li><a href="Xiao'erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></li>

<li><a href="N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="Chinese_input_method" title="Chinese input method">Input methods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Logographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Biaoxingma_method" title="Biaoxingma method">Biaoxingma</a></li>

<li>Boshiamy</li>

<li><a href="Cangjie_input_method" title="Cangjie input method">Cangjie</a>

<ul><li><a href="Simplified_Cangjie" title="Simplified Cangjie">Simplified</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Stroke_count_method" title="Stroke count method">Stroke count</a></li>

<li><a href="Zhengma_method" title="Zhengma method">ZhengMa</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Pinyin_method" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin method">Pinyin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Google_Pinyin" title="Google Pinyin">Google</a></li>

<li>Microsoft</li>

<li><a href="Sogou_Pinyin" title="Sogou Pinyin">Sogou</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0b0;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <a href="List_of_varieties_of_Chinese" title="List of varieties of Chinese">List of varieties of Chinese</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-03-15" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Minjiang_dialect&oldid=1280608455">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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